Tuesday, October 23, 2012

Weeks 1&2- Comics and Graphic Novels (Kirsty)


How does Farr (1991) justify Tintin’s appeal to adults?

After reading the Farr (1991) extract we can definitely see how Tintin became so appealing to audiences. Seeing boy who travels the world solving mysteries and having adventures is something not a lot of young kids could look past if given the opportunity. Herge provided this in the action, and comedy of his comics. But on another level he also provided something for adults who could look past the surface of the story to find something more. He was a fanatic about every element of the story and the “extraordinarily accurate detail of [each], the result of painstaking research… was a key ingredient of the successful formulae”. An adult would appreciate these finer aspects more so than a child would. Farr states that Tintin also “has a rock solid foundation in reality, enabling him to transcend fashion, age and nationality”. Adults would be able to understand the realistic personal and political themes and also relate to them, even today.
As a child I loved Tintin. I loved the comic books my parents would by me and of all Tintin was by far my favourite. But I found as I grew older it lost its appeal to me, which may seem strange but it is true nonetheless. In the article Farr describes the appeal of Tintin to both children and adults saying “The child will be gripped by the excitement of Tintin, the comedy, even the farce. The adult will additionally find political satire ad parody, pun and prescience”. And here lies the reason why I believe it lost its appeal for me. I think that because I now see the political and social undertones, the puns, the parody the excitement that I once got from the story as a child is lost and I now as an adult find it almost boring. But then again I frequently describe myself as a child and sometimes as an escape tend to look for things in terms of reading and viewing, where I don’t have to always think so hard about what I am look at. I prefer the story and characters to the underlying themes most of the time. But in saying that it is hard to find a text that is labelled for a child to be soley for a child. There is always something that could appeal to an adult. The adult is theone who gives or allows a child to be exposed to texts so I guess there has to be something that attracts them too, which is what we see with Tintin. Farr says that ”the appeal is moreover self-generating, for in due course the parents become adults and then parents themselves, allowing the Tintin  tradition to be carried on”.

Farr, Michael. (1991). Introduction. In Tintin: the complete companion (pp.8-9). London: John    Murray.

Weeks 11 and 12: Reality TV

How does Hill define reality TV?

Hill (2005) defines reality TV as a wide range of things. He says the term describes a "range of popular factual programming". He also states that there are many styles involved with reality TV. We see this when looking at the huge differences between shows like Jersey Shore, Big Brother, and My Big Fat Gypsy Wedding.


Hill describes one of the ways that reality TV has become so diverse is the passage of time. He states that originally it was documentary style footage from police and emergency services, but that now Reality TV can essentially mean anything. This is more true now than it even was in 2005. Weddings of young gypsys, the spoilt life of rich tanned monkeys, and entire channels for food programs are overwhelmingly prevalent.

Another reason Reality TV is the way it is, Hill describes, is because of the cannibalisation and feeding frenzy of the television industry. Television producers will take what works well about one show and then merge it with another to create a new genre. This is not a rare occurrence so new styles of Reality TV are popping up all over the place.

In essence, Reality TV is a hard genre to pin down. They are often just flavour of the month shows, just to be rebirthed in a slightly different skin. The term means so much that it almost means nothing.


References:

Hill, A. (2005). The reality genre. In A. Hill, Reality TV: Audiences and Popular Factual Television. (pp 14-40). Oxon: Routledge.

Weeks 9 and 10: Cult TV

Wilcox and Lavery (2002) identify 9 defining characteristics of ‘quality TV’ – can you apply any of these to other television series that you have viewed recently? Are there any other characteristics that you could add to their list?

Wilcox and Lavery's nine defining characteristics of quality TV certainly have relevance to many TV shows in the past ten years. Programs like The Sopranos, The Wire, and Breaking Bad are all excellent examples of quality TV; each of them display many of the nine characteristics.

For this exercise I will mainly focus on Breaking Bad as I believe it to be one of, if not the, best television programs in recent history. 



Breaking Bad has each of the nine characteristics of quality TV on full display. 

1. Quality TV has a quality pedigree.

Vince Gilligan, the creator, director, writer, and producer, is a shining example of quality pedigree. He graduated from one of the leading school of arts in America and was awarded the Virginia Governer's Screenwriting Award for a screenplay he wrote while attending. He was also the co-executive producer for almost a quarter of all X-Files episodes.




2. Quality shows must undergo a noble struggle against profit-mongering networks and non-appreciative audiences.


Admittedly Breaking Bad does have a large budget per episode and does have incredibly appreciate audiences, however there have been struggles against profit-mongering networks too. AMC wished to make the final season of Breaking Bad 6-8 episodes instead of 13 to cut costs. Thankfully the producers nobly declined the offer.

3. Quality TV tends to have a large ensemble cast.

Breaking Bad absolutely has this. From Walt to Jesse, from Skyler to Walt Jr., from Gus to Hector, from Mike to Saul, from Todd to the kid on the bike. Point being, Breaking Bad has a rather large cast.

4. Quality TV has a memory.

Oh you best believe that Breaking Bad is all about this. The entire premise is this. Walt goes from being the protagonist to the antagonist over 5 entire series. There is no turning back and there is no forgetting anything on this show. The character arcs continue throughout the entire series, with no character ever stagnating.



5. Quality Tv shows create a new genre by mixing old ones.

Breaking Bad again is a pretty good example of this. The show is essentially a gangster story, but it is shown in such a stylistically different way that a new genre is basically created. The story of good guy turns bad has never been utilised like this before.

6. Quality TV seems to be literary and writer-based.

We can look back to Vince Gilligan for this. Vince's quality of writing is evident in every aspect of Breaking Bad. The dialogue, the action sequences, even the choice of clothing colour, is all written with intent by a highly intelligent man.

7. Quality TV is self-conscious.

Breaking Bad does this semi-frequently. The nods to jokes on the internet about Walt Jr's love for breakfast or Jesse's frequent usage of the word "Bitch!" are proof of some intertextuality. The dubstep in another recent episode is also the writers showing their knowledge of the outside world.

8. The subject matter of quality TV tends to be controversial.

Breaking Bad's themes and storylines are very controversial. From dark, depressing murders to attacks on children to extensive production of illegal drugs, Breaking Bad doesn't shy away from controversial subject matters.




9. Quality TV aspires towards realism.

Despite some of the fantastical aspects of Breaking Bad, it is all grounded in reality. The characters feel like very real people with flaws, and the empire Walt builds is not without it's realistic hiccups. Breaking Bad portrays the unbelievable made believable.


Breaking Bad is definitely one of the best TV shows in a long time, and unsurprisingly fulfills all of Wilcox and Lavery's 9 defining characteristics. I would possibly add that quality TV often has an element of the dark, without which light cannot exist, but that is just personal preference i think.



References:

Callaghan, D. (n.d.). Breaking Breaking Bad. Retrieved 23/10/12 from http://www.wga.org/content/default.aspx?id=4100

Reality game shows



 Since the late 1990’s reality game shows have been quite popular among viewers. The first reality game show was Big Brother in the Netherlands which was then sold to other TV networks around the world. Another game show that has been around since the beginning of reality game show and still going today is Survivor.

Games show can be seen to be fake or unrealistic, one example is Survivor; when the season starts it follows sixteen contestants over three days which then is cut down and edited so that these three days can fit into a one hour TV slot. Meaning that the viewers are possibly only seeing 5% of what actually happen. Usually that 5% which is watched by the viewer will be what the creator wants it to be, to create a more compelling story to keep the viewer watching. This includes portraying certain people in certain lights for example someone who complains a lot is shown as if they complain constantly. This builds up a love to hate relationship with the contestant. Hill (2005) observed that that the highest rated episodes in games shows were the ones which contestants faced emotional situations or the contestants became romantic couples.

Another problem with reality game shows are their lack of variety. Shows like Survivor change every season however the changes are minor like a change in location and new contestants however new contestants sometimes doesn’t mean new characters as Hill (2005) states contestants ‘learn how to behave from previous series’ and will copy former contestants style of play to further themselves in the game. 

Cult TV



Cult TV shows generally have an audience that are devoted in a cult like fashion. Hill (2004) explains Cult TV as having three different definitions firstly “defined through textual analysis and depends on text”. The second definition is that it is “defined through an analysis of secondary texts or inter-texts, and depends on these inter-texts” and lastly that it “can be defined through an analysis of fan practices, and depends on fan activities”. There is limited scholarly research on these three competing definitions of cult TV.

One aspect of a cult TV shows is that they often have a broad universe, meaning there are parallel dimensions from the past to present to future. For example Star Trek has time travel and parallel universes. Usually these shows will have quite a diverse range of races and species. For example in Star Trek there are Klingons and Vulcans and Buffy has werewolves, demons and vampires.

Another aspect of cult TV is that they have quite a strong relationship between the lead character and a partner of the same sex as with Captain Kirk and Spock on Star Trek. Buffy has Willow on Buffy the Vampire Slayer.

The phenomenon of cult TV is recent however shows like Star Trek have been around for generations and have developed a cult like following.

Science fiction




What is the difference in emphasis between the terms science fiction and speculative fiction?
Which is The Man in the High Castle?

Science fiction as a genre can be described as fantasy, made-up or imagined worlds for example, Star Wars. Fantasy is based more on the past, for example, the Middle Ages and magic or unexplainable events. Science fiction is based on futuristic technology, with space travel, time travel, aliens, robots or alternative worlds or history. Roberts (2000) states science fiction is ‘a genre or division of literature distinguishes its fictional worlds to one degree to another from the world in which we actually live’.

Speculative fiction is a genre of science fiction and horror cross-over focusing on the horrors that technology can potentially cause. Urbanski (2007) states ‘speculative fiction has a long tradition of depicting both the wonder and the terror of science and technology’.  Speculative fiction is a reality of sorts, for example taking an actual historical event and putting a scenario of what could have happened to make it an apocalyptic aftermath. An example of this is the movie I am Legend where a cure for cancer is developed but ends up ‘zombieising’ its patients, this plays into events of genetic engineering as a technology that alarms the general populous as well as the wonder of the advancement of this knowledge.

Philip K. Dick (1928-1982) began his career as a science fiction writer in 1951 when he sold his first story, and until his death in 1982. He wrote over 30 novels, several which were not published in his lifetime. He also received awards for several of his works such as ‘The Man in the High Castle’.

The Man in the High Castle is set in an alternative world where the Axis powers won the Second World War. The story follows several characters through a world that is unlike ours, the Chinese ‘I Ching’ is an oracle predicting the future by the way the sticks land. Juliana Frink is one of the story’s main characters she reads a book called ‘The Grasshopper Lies Heavy’ which is a novel set in an alternative world where the Allies won the war. Brown (2001) states “Juliana Frink becomes obsessed with the vision of this other, better world”.

The Man in the High Castle can be seen as both science fiction and speculative fiction. It’s hard to narrow the book down to one of the two genres as it can fix equally as well in both; as alternative world falls under science fiction however it’s a dark world, our nightmares have come true, placing it over speculative fiction.   

 

(2012, October 10). Retrieved from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_K._Dick
Brown, E. (2001). Introduction. In Dick, P.K. The Man in the High Castle (p.V-XII).
London: Penguin.
Dick, P.K (2001; 1962). The Man in the High Castle. London: Penguin.
Roberts, A. (2000). Science Fiction . london : Routledge.
Urbanski, H. (2007). Plagues, apocalypses and bug-eyed monsters: how speculative fiction shows our nightmares. McFarland & Company.





Anime



Hayao Miyazaki was born in 1941 Japan. He is a manga artist, film director and animator. He co-founded Studio Ghibli where he made Princess Mononoke which became the highest-grossing film in Japan. In 2001 Miyazaki wrote and directed Spirited Away which topped Princess Mononoke and won awards at both the Japanese Academy Awards and the American Academy Award.

Miyazaki’s films both familiarize and defamiliarize traditional Japanese mythology, history and culture. Miyazaki’s films have traditional Japanese Shinto, which is an ancient Japanese religion that continues to be practised today. The faith worships Kami which are Gods for example God of the forest, animal Gods etc. According to Wright (2005) ‘Miyazaki is cinematically practicing the ancient form of Shinto’. Miyazaki based Princess Mononoke in the time period of Muromachi which was between 1392 and 1573, in Japan. However his story does not fully depict history. Miyazaki defamiliarizes women in Japanese culture as he has strong female characters and during this time in history women were quite submissive.

Miyazaki has spiritual themes in all his films. The film Princess Mononoke is set in a time of great change; forests are being destroyed to get to the iron in the mountains that is to be mined. The Gods of the forest and animal spirits are fighting back against the human’s industrialisation, as humans turn their back, on nature and religion in favour of industrialisation and technology.

In Princess Mononoke Miyazaki has strong feminist themes, Lady Eboshi, is the leader of Irontown and she is at the forefront of industrialisation, leading the charge against the Gods. She boasts that she shot the Boar God, creating his hatred of humans and the eventual demonising of him. In the story Lady Eboshi empowers women; she takes women from brothels and gives them a better life in her town, paying them well for their services. The women run the town and use the men for their strength, for protection. Women are the ones who work to make the bullets and gunpowder. Women are also able to use the weaponry.